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o_百度百科网页新闻贴吧知道网盘图片视频地图文库资讯采购百科百度首页登录注册进入词条全站搜索帮助首页秒懂百科特色百科知识专题加入百科百科团队权威合作下载百科APP个人中心收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10tuhao播报讨论上传视频Tuhao“tuhao”一词来自“土豪”的汉语拼音。最近它走出国门，进入英语世界，频频出现在媒体中。“tuhao”最近引起了《牛津英语词典》（OED）编纂工作者的关注。中文名土豪外文名tuhao分类中式英语类型单词目录1由来2观点由来播报编辑该词典的项目经理朱莉·克里曼在接受媒体采访时说：“如果‘tuhao’的影响力持续，我们会考虑在2014年的更新中把它收进词典。”日前，英国广播公司（BBC）和美国财经有线电视卫星新闻台（CNBC）都为“tuhao”一词做了专题节目，介绍了它的词源、词义、用法以及风靡一时的原因。该词的出现一时成为许多英美人士议论的热门话题，也引发了不少国内人士的热议。 [1]观点播报编辑对于“tuhao”进入英语世界之事，人们有两种不同的态度。“自豪者”认为，这是中国在全球影响力日益提升的一种表现，也是中国文化输出的一个重要契机；“担忧者”认为，该词本身带有贬义或嘲讽意味，有损中国人形象。山东大学副教授王军说，新词汇的出现一定有社会和文化因素促使，但词汇本身无关好坏，不建议大家做“语言警察”。因此，无论是“自豪”还是“担忧”的心态，都是不足取的。人们应该以一种平常心来看待“tuhao”，而学界应该以一种新视野来关注和研究它。事实上，来自汉语的英语词语目前已有一千多个，除“tuhao”之外，还有“kungfu（功夫）”“jiaozi（饺子）”“guanxi（关系）”“hukou（户口）”“fenqing”（愤青）”“dama（大妈）”“不折腾（buzheteng）”“taikonaut（太空人）”等。这些汉语借词已经在英语词汇系统中占据了一席之地，成为其不可或缺的组成部分。前不久，总部设在美国的全球语言监督机构（GLM）发布报告称，自1994年以来加入英语的新词语中，来自汉语的借词数量独占鳌头，以5%－20%的比例超过任何其他语言来源。另外，一些借用汉语的表达方式，如“no can do（不能做/干不了）”“long time no see（久不见）”等已被收进英语词典，并受到英语民族的广泛欢迎。中山大学教授周海中认为，以汉语为来源的英语词语是汉英两种语言接触的必然产物，也是中西文化融合的必然结果；随着中华民族与英语民族的交流交往日益频繁，来自汉语的英语词语及表达方式将会越来越多。新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2024 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号京公网安备110000020000

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Home >Journals >English Today >Volume 33 Issue 2 >So many tuhao and dama in China today English

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Article contents Extract Introduction Research methodology Semantic domains of neologisms in CEV Forms of CEV Discussion and implications Conclusion Footnotes References So many tuhao and dama in China today The latest developments in China English vocabulary based on the China Daily website

Published online by Cambridge University Press:

29 July 2016 Mingwu Xu andChuanmao Tian Article

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[Opens in a new window] Extract The last three decades have witnessed an increase in the number of middle-class people in China. Some of them spend money like water, have garish tastes and lack ‘good’ cultural traits and sophistication; they are called tuhao in Chinese (Cai, 2014). Others, in particular most of the middle-aged women, who are called dama, ‘live a happy life with plenty of free time and money’, investing in gold, bitcoins and overseas property markets and enjoying noisy square dances. (dama is a term coined by The Wall Street Journal) (Zhou & He, 2015). It was rumored around the end of 2013 that Chinese words, such as tuhao, dama and hukou ‘household registration’ would enter into the Oxford English Dictionary (Gui, 2013), which was still not the case when we searched the online Oxford Dictionaries for these words in 2015 (oxforddictionaries.com, 2015).

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Research Article

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English Today

Volume 33

Issue 2

, June 2017 , pp. 2 - 8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078416000432

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Introduction

The last three decades have witnessed an increase in the number of middle-class people in China. Some of them spend money like water, have garish tastes and lack ‘good’ cultural traits and sophistication; they are called tuhao in Chinese (Cai, Reference Cai2014). Others, in particular most of the middle-aged women, who are called dama, ‘live a happy life with plenty of free time and money’, investing in gold, bitcoins and overseas property markets and enjoying noisy square dances. (dama is a term coined by The Wall Street Journal) (Zhou & He, Reference Zhou and He2015). It was rumored around the end of 2013 that Chinese words, such as tuhao, dama and hukou ‘household registration’ would enter into the Oxford English Dictionary (Gui, Reference Gui2013), which was still not the case when we searched the online Oxford Dictionaries for these words in 2015 (oxforddictionaries.com, 2015).

In fact, these words do exist in a variety of English, namely China English, whose existence or prospective appearance has been acknowledged by some researchers (Eaves, Reference Eaves2011; Bolton & Graddol, Reference Bolton and Graddol2012; Botha, Reference Botha2014; Hu, Reference Hu2016). China English, or Chinese English, refers to ‘English with Chinese characteristics’ (Pinkham, Reference Pinkham2000). It is closely associated with the use of Chinese words that have been translated literally into English. At present, English is extensively used in China in many areas, including education, foreign publicity, tourism and intercultural communication. The rapid development of the country has given rise to many new social, economic and cultural phenomena, which is perhaps the main reason for the appearance of many Chinese neologisms and buzzwords.

The present study aims to explore what semantic domains neologisms in China English Vocabulary (CEV) belong to, how they have been produced in recent years, what grammatical and morphological forms they have and why they have these forms. We hypothesize that the new members in CEV are semantically closely related to traditional culture, government policy and social phenomena; they are mainly derived from Chinese neologisms and buzzwords via a few translating methods, especially transliteration, and their forms are influenced by Chinese structure. In the following sections we first introduce the methodology of this study, then discuss the semantic domains and forms of neologisms in CEV, and finally explore the reasons and problems related to the forms of the neologisms.

Research methodology

The data for this project is taken from three sources: (1) Report on the Language Situation in China issued by the State Ministry of Education and the State Language Committee; (2) the Top 10 Buzzwords of Yaowen Jiaozi, an authoritative journal on Chinese words; (3) the ‘Neologisms and translations’ list from the China Daily website. The reason why we chose this website (chinadaily.com.cn) as one of the sources of data is that it is arguably China's most influential English-language web portal (Du & Zhang, Reference Du and Zhang2012), and that its main newspaper, China Daily, has a great impact on domestic English learners and users and even on foreign media and readers, particularly with respect to the use of Chinese-specific words (Qiu, Reference Qiu2014).

The China Daily website, together with its ‘Neologisms and translations’ list,Footnote

serves as a corpus to study CEV because it provides a search function for English words on its homepage (Figure 1). The search results webpage provides varied information on the searched word, i.e. number of texts, types of text, title and text string in which the searched word is highlighted in the red color.

Figure 1.

China Daily homepage and search results webpage

By entering the English translations of ten representative Chinese neologisms and buzzwords (i.e. the Top 10 Buzzwords of Yaowen Jiaozi) in the search box on the China Daily website on the 18th April, 2016, we obtained their raw frequencies (Table 1). The abbreviations in Table 1 refer to transliteration (T) such as ‘shanzhai’ (山寨), literal translation (LT) such as ‘mountain fortress’ (山寨), transliteration and literal translation (T + LT) such as ‘hongbao, red envelopes’ (红包), free translation (FT) such as ‘dregs of society’ (屌丝), transliteration and free translation (T + FT) such as ‘yuesao, or confinement nannies’ (月嫂) and literal translation and free translation (LT + FT) such as ‘human flesh search – a massive cyber manhunt’ (人肉搜索).

Table 1: Ten representative Chinese neologisms and buzzwords and frequency of their translations

The analysis of the semantic domains of neologisms in CEV was based on the ‘Neologisms and translations’ list which presents the translations in alphabetical order and bilingual correspondence. We chose ten representative transliterations from the Top 10 Buzzwords of Yaowen Jiaozi between 2008 and 2015 and the ‘Neologisms and translations’ list. We obtained the sample sentences in which they are used on the website (partly represented in Figure 1). Then, we analyzed their morphological and grammatical properties. Finally, we explored the reason why the translations of Chinese neologisms and buzzwords take the forms they do.

Semantic domains of neologisms in CEV

China's fast development in the last decade has produced many neologisms and buzzwords. They can roughly be divided into the following three categories, i.e. social life, government policy and traditional culture. The CEV related to social phenomena generally embraces hot societal issues and events of top concern. For example, the widespread existence of fake products in the country gives rise to shanzhai; the awfully high housing prices turn many Chinese into mortgage slaves who have to work hard all their life to repay the mortgage. The huge gap between the poor and the rich has produced a large group of young men, namely diaosi who come from poor families, lack social privileges and complain about the current social order. The overcrowding in the Spring Festival travel rush creates chunyun.

As for government policy, the guidelines of the Communist Party of China and the regulations and targets of the Central Government are another contributor to the creation of neologisms and buzzwords, such as xiaokang society, all-round well-off society, Three Represents, scientific outlook on development, eight honors and eight disgraces, Belt and Road Initiative, new normal, inclusive growth, housing allowance, independent recruitment, tax-for-fee, bunker adjustment factor, attract investment from overseas and bear and rear better children. Traditional culture also lends some words to the contemporary CEV. A case in point is Bagua, whose original meaning is ‘eight diagrams’ but which has been given a new sense, ‘gossip’, in the new century. Other Chinese culture-specific expressions include reganmian ‘Wuhan noodle snack’, China's Time-Honored Brand, Chinese knot, yangchunmian ‘plain noodle’, eight-treasure rice pudding, witty skits, courtyard dwelling, six classical arts, orchid fingers, pay a New Year's visit, assign priority according to seniority, and so on.

Forms of CEV

As far as the perspective of translation is concerned, there are several methods to produce CEV. It seems that transliteration or Romanization of Chinese words has been a striking phenomenon in the most recent few years for CEV building (see Table 1). Tuhao (土豪, /tuhao/) and dama (大妈, /dama/) are among the most famous examples. This method, which uses the phonetic alphabet to transcribe Chinese characters, may be called the Chinese pinyin method (He & Xiao, Reference He and Xiao2003). Transliterations of Chinese words and expressions are frequently used in China English (Table 2). The ten words in Table 2 are among the Top 10 Buzzwords of Yaowen Jiaozi between 2008 and 2015, and thus they are arguably the best representatives of neologisms in CEV. It is assumed that the reliability of the data related to the grammatical and morphological forms such as ‘inflection’ and ‘derived form’ in Table 2 is restricted to the data collected from the website.

Table 2: Ten transliterated Chinese words

As shown in Table 2, the form of almost all transliterations, or pinyin versions of Chinese words, is fixed without any inflection. For example, verbs do not have tense markers, as in People's Daily's heading ‘Jiangsu Province Geili A Strong Cultural Province’ in which geili as a verb retains its root form without a conjugation, such as -s or -ed. As for nouns, there is no distinction between their singular and plural forms. In other words, the singular form of count nouns can express the plural meaning. For example:

(1) The wealthy man, called a tuhao (newly rich) by netizens, said on the Twitter-like micro blog that he is offering 1 million yuan to accompany him back home in Shenzhen city during the festival.

(2) Among China's ‘tuhao’, or those with loads of cash but no class (or the nouveaux riches), the lust for gilt-edged items goes beyond bathroom fixtures to include underwear and shoes, as well as 18-carat gold mobile devices costing $5,513 to $6,282.

Examples (1) and (2) indicate that tuhao can be used to express singular and plural meanings. The formal stability of the transliterations also lies in their low productivity, whereby just a few of them have a derived form. For example:

(3) This innovative electric car and battery producer signifies China's shift to ‘indigenous innovation’ in a ‘post-shanzhai era’, Xinhua reports.

(4) Yang Changyou, a household service shop owner, rests in a chair with a board hanging on the back saying ‘Nannies in urgent need, salary is geilivable’, in Hangzhou, East China's Zhejiang province, Dec 20, 2010.

(5) In the last part of our three-part series, we take a look at some service-oriented apps used during this year's e-hongbao campaign.

As far as parts of speech are concerned, most transliterations of Chinese words are nouns and a small number of them can be used as an adjective and occasionally as a verb. As adjectives they are generally in the form of nouns, as illustrated in the following example:

(6) On his weibo micro blog, which has 12 million followers, Wang Jr. wrote that giving his dog four watches – one for each leg – ‘seems much too tuhao (vulgar rich), so I kept it down to two’.

In example (6), the noun tuhao is directly used as an adjective with no declension. In fact, a few nominal transliterations can be put before other nouns as a pre-modifier, such as shanzhai product, tuhao gold and chunyun period in which shanzhai, tuhao and chunyun do not mean ‘illegal and low-quality imitation’, ‘rich people with poor taste’ and ‘Spring Festival travel rush’, but ‘counterfeited’, ‘rich but vulgar’ and ‘pertaining to the Spring Festival travel rush’, respectively. In this usage they convert from a noun to an adjective. A small number of transliterations can be put together with other words to form phrases, such as Chinese dama, weibo account, digital hongbao and Bagua boxing.

When the transliterations are used for the first time, they are paraphrased in some way. An appositive, a parenthesis and sometimes an attributive clause will be used to explain their meaning. Let us look at examples (7)–(14).

(7) The most popular is reganmian, hot dry noodles with a spicy flavor and a sesame paste dressing.

(8) It also is called gutter oil, digouyou, because sometimes restaurants discard their used oil into the streets and sewers, and that oil too is reclaimed and sold.

(9) Instead of hiring a yuesao, or postpartum care worker, she spent nearly 10,000 yuan ($1,600) on the United Family Home Health's postpartum service, which includes four visits from a midwife and two from a doctor within the first two weeks after being discharged from hospital.

(10) Thanks to a baby boom this year, the cost of hiring a confinement nurse, or yuesao in Chinese, can be more expensive than hiring a doctor.

(11) ‘Each caregiver in our house needs to take care of about four disabled children at a slender monthly salary of about 1,200 yuan ($195), but a yuesao, who takes care of the new-born baby and mother, in Nanchang earns about 5,000 yuan to 6,000 yuan a month,’ she said.

(12) However, since the start of the millennium, hiring a yuesao (a stay-at-home care giver during the postpartum period) has become a common solution for families willing to pay.

(13) He is desperately seeking a qualified yuesao - a sort of super-midwife - who will look after both mother and child in the first critical month after birth, but has so far met with no success.

(14) Much like the diaosi (屌丝) dregs of society, some 2B qingnian may wear the term with pride - often due to the same desire to stand apart from the masses, which is not so very different from the more sophisticated (though admittedly this is in the eye of the beholder) attempts by the wenqing.

Examples (7) and (8) show that the appositive paraphrase can be put after or before the transliterated word with a comma between them, while examples (9) and (10) indicate that, in some cases, the conjunction or may be used to introduce the paraphrase or the transliteration. In example (11), a nonrestrictive attributive clause is used to explain yuesao. Examples (12) and (13) show that the paraphrase can be put in parentheses or between dashes. In example (14), the transliterated word diaosi is first followed by the Chinese word 屌丝 in parentheses and then by an explanation. The meaning of some transliterations, such as tuhao, diaosi, geilivable and leiren, is greatly varied in different contexts. Tuhao has so far been paraphrased in the following ways: ‘vulgar rich’, ‘nouveau riche’, ‘China's tacky nouveau riche’, ‘a new class of the lavishly rich and tasteless’, ‘rich people with ill manners’, ‘people who are rich but lack in education or taste’, ‘people who are rich but possibly lack some finesse’, ‘someone who has a lot of money but can't follow trends’, and so on.

The above examples show that, in addition to transliteration, affixation is sometimes used together with transliteration to produce CEV, as illustrated by post-shanzhai and geilivable. The Urban Dictionary recorded two instances of Internet slang, i.e. zhuangbility and shability in which zhuangbi is the transliteration of the Chinese word 装逼; shabi is that of 傻逼; -ity is a nominal suffix (Chinadaily.com, 2014). These two informal vulgarisms express the abstract concepts of ‘boastfulness’ and ‘foolishness’, respectively.

Some other methods, such as literal translation, literal translation combined with transliteration, literal translation combined with free translation as well as free translation can also be used to form CEV. Regarding literal translation, a good case in point is ‘nail household’, which is the product of China's urbanization. In the process of urban construction, civilians’ houses, in many cases, have to be demolished in order to provide enough space for public purposes. However, a few civilians refuse to move and bargain for unreasonably high governmental compensation. They are called ‘nail households’. Here, nail is used metaphorically, implying that persuading the civilians to move to the designated place is as difficult as pulling out a nail fastened in something. Words of this kind include Vegetable Basket Project, Hope Project, positive energy, new normal, Three Represents, orange alert, mouse tribe, private home cuisine, half the sky, protective umbrella, capsule apartment, eight-treasure rice pudding, human flesh search, and so on.

Literal translation is sometimes used together with transliteration to create CEV, as in xiaokang society in which xiaokang is the transliteration of the Chinese word 小康’ meaning ‘moderately well-off’, and society is the literal rendering of 社会. The Urban Dictionary recorded another example of this type, i.e. no zuo no die in which zuo is the transliteration of the Chinese character 作 ‘do’, and no and die are the literal renderings of 不 and 死, respectively (chinadaily.com, 2014). The whole expression ‘no zuo no die means that ‘if you do not do stupid things, they will not come back and bite you in the ass’. In some cases, both literal translation and free translation are employed to build CEV. For example, stall tea is the rendering of 大碗茶 in which tea is the literal translation of 茶 and stall is the free translation of 大碗’ whose literal meaning is ‘big bowl’. Examples of this category include material girl, match-making party, phone-in program, and so on. In many cases, Chinese words and phrases are translated freely, resulting in a complete loss of the original literal meaning. For example, absolute principle, top priority is the rendering of 硬道理 whose literal meaning is ‘hard reason’. Sometimes a free translation can be lengthy in order to clarify the deep meaning of the Chinese word, as illustrated by the political term three direct links of trade, mail, and air and shipping services across the Taiwan Straits, which is actually an explanatory rendering of the Chinese abbreviation 三通 ‘three links’.

Discussion and implications

The latest developments in CEV have several characteristics. The neologisms mainly come from a few semantic domains, they are created via a few translating methods, and their forms are strongly affected by the Chinese language, which are discussed next.

As for the source of the latest CEV, most of the words are derived from the Internet and the media, such as the China Daily website on which neologisms are widely seen in articles, comments, blogs and photos. Some of them are not frequently used, such as no zuo no die. Others are intimately related to hot societal issues, government policy and Chinese culture, such as nail household, Three Represents and reganmian; a few are informal and vulgar, such as zhuangbility.

It seems that use of transliteration or Chinese pinyin to produce CEV is an emerging trend (Table 1). As has been discussed in the last section, there is generally no inflection for the transliterations, which are always used in their original form, with respect to expression of grammatical categories, such as tense and number. The formal stability of the transliterations might be due to the interference of the Chinese language. In Chinese, all characters are used in their original form all of the time and all grammatical meanings are implied or expressed via lexical devices instead of inflections.

It has been observed that the spelling of transliterations is not consistent in some texts. For example, tuhao is sometimes spelt as Tuhao and sometimes as tuhao, even in the same text. It is assumed that there is no need to capitalize tuhao because it is not a proper noun. As for the widespread use of transliterations, there are at least two strengths for their use, i.e. representation of Chinese characteristics and conciseness in expression. All of the transliterations, such as nongmingong, retain the phonetic features of Chinese words, thus giving the writing an exotic flavor. Some Chinese words and expressions are rich in connotation, such as santong (三通), and use of transliteration can achieve economy in linguistic expression. But there is a problem with the English transliteration of Chinese words, i.e. the meaning of transliterated words is not clear. Therefore, it is often seen that a paraphrase in various forms is used when a transliterated word appears for the first time.

Many literal translations may be somewhat unintelligible because their meaning is not on the surface. For example, Vegetable Basket Project is not a project for manufacturing vegetable baskets but one for increasing the production of vegetables, fruits, eggs, meat and other foodstuffs in order to eliminate food shortages; Hope Project is not a project full of hopes but one for building a primary school in order to provide education for poor children who are regarded as the hope for the future in China; human flesh search does not mean a search via human flesh nor a search for human flesh but a massive online search. Due to the semantic obscurity of some literal translations, an additional explanation is often seen with them. For example, the explanation between the dashes in example (15) can be viewed as an informal definition of ‘human flesh search’, resulting in English readers’ immediate understanding of the expression.

(15) Her high-sounding words eventually sparked one of China's infamous ‘human flesh search’ – a cyber manhunt that ferrets out a person's most intimate details about his private life – by computer geeks.

Occasionally, a literal translation may be ungrammatical, as in Three Represents, which is the literal rendering of the Chinese political term 三个代表. It is the basic guideline of the Communist Party of China and its specific content goes as follows:

– The Party must always represent the development trend of China's advanced productive forces.

– The Party must always represent the orientation of China's advanced culture.

– The Party must always represent the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of the Chinese people.

The above guideline contains three instances of represent, which is perhaps the reason for the creation of the characteristic expression Three Represents, even though the verb represent cannot be used as a noun, put after three and followed by the inflectional marker -s to indicate the plural. Two other problems with CEV are that the combination of literal translation and transliteration sometimes makes CEV nothing-like and some free translations are too long to look like a word or a phrase.

Nevertheless, CEV plays an irreplaceable role in introducing China's government policy, social phenomena and traditional culture. Use of literal renderings, transliterations and even Chinese characters in China-related English reporting and English translation of Chinese classics shows the growing cultural confidence of Chinese writers and translators as well as China's economic-cultural impact on English writers and translators. In China the craze for graduate school helps disseminate the neologisms in the China Daily website corpus among those who will take the entrance examination for postgraduate schools, especially for the Master of Translators and Interpreters (Qiu, Reference Qiu2014). At present, the Chinese government is advancing the campaign of Chinese culture ‘going global’ and the fast development of China's economy gives rise to an increasing zeal among foreigners to learn Chinese language and culture. These two forces will combine, creating strong momentum to constantly increase the Chinese characteristics of CEV in the future.

Conclusion

As a major source for the production of CEV, the China Daily website has created a large number of neologisms via transliteration, literal translation, free translation and other translating methods. These new words play a crucial role in introducing China's government policy, social phenomena and Chinese culture. Transliteration of Chinese words has become an emerging trend in producing CEV. Although there are some problems with the usage of CEV, they carry a strong Chinese flavor and represent writers’ growing cultural awareness.

MINGWU XU is professor in the School of Foreign Languages, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), China. He has been teaching translation and interpreting for twenty-five years. He has published extensively in the forms of books, book chapters and articles in such journals as Chinese Translators Journal, Critical Arts, Across Languages and Cultures, Translation Review, Babel, Australian Journal of Linguistics, and others. His special interests are Translation Studies, interpreting teaching and foreign language education. Email: xumingwu@hust.edu.cn

CHUANMAO TIAN (corresponding author) is professor in the School of Foreign Studies, Yangtze University, China. He has been teaching translation as well as English language and literature for 28 years. More than 70 of his papers have been published in a variety of Chinese and international scholarly journals focusing on translation, culture and media, comparative literature and intercultural studies. His special interest is translation and intercultural studies. Email: tcm_316@163.com

Footnotes

1 See http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/language_tips/trans/trans_collect.html.

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Figure 1. China Daily homepage and search results webpage

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Table 1: Ten representative Chinese neologisms and buzzwords and frequency of their translations

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Table 2: Ten transliterated Chinese words You have

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So many tuhao and dama in China today

Volume 33, Issue 2

Mingwu Xu and Chuanmao Tian

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266078416000432

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So many tuhao and dama in China today

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土豪 (tuhao): The uncouth rich

- Opinion - Chinadaily.com.cn

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“土豪”的六种翻译 - 知乎

“土豪”的六种翻译 - 知乎切换模式写文章登录/注册“土豪”的六种翻译知乎用户07jBy6翻译“土豪”原指在乡里凭借财势横行霸道的坏人，土豪被中国人所熟知，与土改和革命时期的”打土豪，分田地”有关。那时的土豪，是被专政与被打击的对象，因为为富不仁、盘剥贫苦农民、破坏革命等是他们的标签。这个词近来不胫而走，得益于一则笑话：话说，一名青年问禅师：“我很富有但不快乐。我该怎么办?”禅师回答：“何谓‘富有’?”青年说：“我在银行有上百万存款，北京市中心有三套房子。不算富有吗?”禅师没说话，向他伸出一只手，青年恍然大悟：“大师，您是让我懂得感恩和回报吗?”“不……土豪，我们可以做朋友吗?”禅师说。《华尔街日报》中文版总编袁莉曾在网上问：“土豪英文怎么翻译?”引出无数网友的尝试，如 newly rich，upstart，provincialtycoon，rural rich，vulgar tycoon等。而美国《外交政策》杂志网站更直接，在一篇文章中说，没人喜欢他们，但人人想做他们的朋友，这个群体被称作“tuhao”。2013年11月14日牛津大学出版社双语词典项目经理朱莉·克里曼在接受媒体采访时表示，”tuhao” 暂时还没有被正式收录进《牛津英语词典》，但是例如”dama”、”yuqi” 和 “hukou”等词语已经在牛津英语词典编著者的关注范围内。让我们来看看土豪的六种译法：1. country baron注解：country (adj.) 祖国的，故乡的;地方的，乡村的;乡村音乐的baron (n.) 男爵;大亨，巨头;贵族2. newly rich注解：newly (adv.) 新近，最近;重新，又，再度；以新的方式rich (adj.) 富有的，有钱的，富裕的;肥沃的，丰富的，富饶的;华美的，高价的3. upstart注解：暴发户，新贵;傲慢自负的人4. rural rich注解：rural (adj.) 乡下的，农村的;田园的；地方的；农业的rich (adj.) 富有的，有钱的，富裕的;肥沃的，丰富的，富饶的；华美的，高价的5. vulgar tycoon注解：vulgar (adj.) 庸俗的，俚俗的，粗俗的;一般大众的，老百姓的;粗野的，下流的tycoon (n.) 大款；企业界大亨；巨富6. BeverlyHillbillies注解：颇为传神，将好莱坞富豪云集的比华利山庄 (Beverly Hills) 和土包子 (Hillbillies) 合而为一。事实上，来自汉语的英语词语已有一千多个，除即将进军牛津词典的 “tuhao” 之外，还有：“typhoon（台风）”、”kungfu（功夫）”、”jiaozi（饺子）”、”guanxi（关系）”、”hukou（户口）”、”fenqing（愤青）”、”dama（大妈）”、”buzheteng（不折腾）”、”taikonaut（太空人）” 等。这些汉语借词已经在英语词汇系统中占据了一席之地，成为其不可或缺的组成部分。而每个词的出现都与社会背景紧密相关，能够折射出一定的社会发展状况。刚刚所提的那则笑话，表面上禅师有巴结土豪的意味在里面，但实际上放到目前的社会背景下是有调侃、鄙夷的意味在其中的。嘲笑和嫉妒、土气与华丽，这些元素组合，触及镀金时代中国种种矛盾根源。事实证明，单有财富是空洞的，但它对于任何机会或影响力而言都不可或缺。难怪中国人厌恶“土豪”，但在日益艰难的社会阶梯上，跟“土豪”拉关系（最好是嫁入“土豪”家）仍是一种令人羡慕的捷径。在中国，中国的中产阶级已是迅速壮大的群体，人数已经超过了3亿以上。随着中产阶级式的生活方式越来越普遍，对炫富习气的鄙夷也越来越普遍。许多中国人会说自己是土豪的反面:有文化、很时尚，鄙视挥霍消费。鄙视土豪更多的是鄙视他们的挥霍无度，鄙夷的同时也夹杂着羡慕，真可谓“羡慕嫉妒恨”啊！编辑于 2017-08-14 14:08翻译公司人工语言土豪赞同 1添加评论分享喜欢收藏申请

壕（网络用语）_百度百科

用语）_百度百科网页新闻贴吧知道网盘图片视频地图文库资讯采购百科百度首页登录注册进入词条全站搜索帮助首页秒懂百科特色百科知识专题加入百科百科团队权威合作下载百科APP个人中心壕是一个多义词，请在下列义项上选择浏览（共3个义项）添加义项收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10壕播报上传视频网络用语壕，网络用语，“土豪”的简称。意思与土豪一样指有钱人。也指网络上无脑消费的人，如某网络游戏RMB战士，也被人称之为壕（即土豪）。也可作形容词，形容财大气粗。“土豪”一词在网络大火，网友们纷纷调侃，“和土豪做朋友才是正经事”！“土豪”的称呼蔓延到了现实世界，成为当代一类中国富人的群体标签。“土豪”的流行也折射国人尴尬矛盾的心态。中文名壕涵义土豪，有钱人类型网络用语词性名词、形容词目录1释义2分类▪普通土豪▪文艺土豪▪二逼土豪▪恋稀土豪3评价4事件5网络恶搞释义播报编辑“土豪”的简称，"土豪"原指在乡里凭借财势横行霸道的坏人，土豪被中国人所熟知，与土改和革命时期的“打土豪，分田地”有关。那时的土豪，是被专政与被打击的对象，因为为富不仁、盘剥贫苦农民、破坏革命等是他们的标签。网络上用于称呼有钱并舍得用钱的人。后在网络游戏界、ACG界等，也指网络上无脑消费的人，如某网络游戏RMB战士，也被人称之为壕（即土豪）。土豪也含贬义，用来批评那些有钱又很喜欢炫耀的人，因此有着更为广泛的应用。该意义衍生出“土豪，我们做朋友吧”等句子。一般土豪常通过装穷来实现讽刺的目的。或者有些人对比自己肯花钱的人都称作土豪。分类播报编辑普通土豪戴大粗金链。文艺土豪开碰碰车上下班。（跑跑卡丁车现实版？丢香蕉会不会滑走啊喂？）二逼土豪炫个富，这可是两万欧的戒指啊！恋稀土豪不在乎别人看法，但对于稀有的东西，有一种强烈的购买欲，比如珍藏版手表，珍藏版电子产品。评价播报编辑外媒看中国土豪：钱多人傻品味极差土豪金他们在新浪微博上被提及超过5600万次；人人都想和他们成为朋友，却没人真的喜欢他们；他们无处不在，挥霍崭新的人民币、刷爆银联的借记卡；同时他们又行踪诡秘、躲躲闪闪。他们喜欢亮闪闪华丽丽的东西，这种嗜好已经成为全球奢侈品行业的支柱；同时他们又品味极差，并且因此遭到鄙视、嘲笑和抨击。他们是“土豪”——“土”意味着土气和粗野，豪意味着奢华、霸气——他们是中国的“贝弗利山人”。中国中产阶级是一个迅速壮大的群体，人数已经超过了3亿以上。随着中产阶级式的生活方式越来越普遍，对炫富习气的鄙夷也越来越普遍。许多中国人会说自己是土豪的反面：有文化、很时尚，鄙视挥霍消费。但与此同时，在当下的中国社会中，理解土豪是很有必要的，迎合土豪趣味是有利可图的，和土豪交往是很有道理的。跨国公司懂得这一点。2013年9月20日，土豪们终于扬眉吐气了。这一天苹果公司推出了金色的新型号苹果5s智能手机。人们起初不敢相信苹果会如此张扬俗气，然而这款镀金手机很快在中国受到疯抢。在中国媒体的头版头条新闻上，这款手机被称为“土豪金”。土豪的概念不只体现在手机等小玩意的品味上。2013年9月22日，好莱坞御用班底齐聚青岛，参加彭博社所称的中国首富王健林旗下一个电影城的揭幕式。中国网民们将这个揭幕式成为“土豪的盛宴”，“豪莱坞”。上层名流和穿着制服的安保摩肩接踵；老一辈们表演着山东戏曲。这个国家的中产阶级似乎有些矛盾：新生的爆发户们显然十分粗野，老一辈的中产阶级还固守土气。土豪之间也有名气的激烈角逐。10月初以来网上最有名气的中国土豪是一位匿名的中国女士思思。根据媒体报道，这位家住北京市的女士给网友的新婚礼物是一部价值400万人民币的宾利轿车。有些人指出这则消息是媒体造假，但无论如何这则消息已经在网上造成一片哗然，有人嘲笑，有人假装嫉妒，也有人真的嫉妒。 [1]事件播报编辑2013年9月9日，微博上发起“与土豪做朋友”以及“为土豪写诗”活动，其社会意义与之前人人争当“屌丝”是相同的，意味着公众对自嘲和自我生活诠释的角度，把自己在心理上与那些土豪分开，回归到普通大众。2013年11月，土豪大妈背旅行袋装金条买宾利豪车；就在南昌国际车展开幕的第一天，一条微博迅速引发网友热议，该微博称“见过用黄金买房的，没见过驮一包黄金来买车的。这难道就是传说中的黄金大妈吗？”对于这条突然“备受关注”的消息，有人认为是主办方刻意炒作。投资300亿的某影视产业园在青岛举行了一场超豪华的启动仪式，虽然活动早已结束，嘉宾莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥、妮可·基德曼、凯瑟琳·泽塔·琼斯、章子怡、李连杰、梁朝伟等都已散去，但这场被网友戏称为“土豪会”的盛会，后续话题依然不断。 [2]早前凤凰娱乐在微博转发了该活动的现场图片，并附诗“赤日炎炎似火烧，我为土豪把扇摇”，随后被网友们疯狂转帖，屡见佳作。有网友叹道：“路见不平一声吼，抱住土豪不放手。”还有的说到青岛的活动，表示：“千江有水千江月，土豪给我一座位。还有些古诗词也被进行了改编“日照香炉生紫烟，土豪能顶半边天”网友们才思泉涌，有人感慨，如今不会作诗已经不能在微博圈混下去了。 [1]网络恶搞播报编辑1.两个黄鹂鸣翠柳土豪我们做朋友，青山不改绿水长流，土豪我对你的情谊永不变，两岸猿声啼不住，我为土豪穿皮裤，上穷碧落下黄泉。土豪求求你别走，桃花潭水深千尺,不及土豪送我情，床前明月光，土豪我暖床。土豪，深情地问一句“做个朋友好不好！！！！！”2.最近很多人说要和土豪做朋友。平心而论，就算和土豪成了朋友又怎么样呢？吃人嘴软拿人手短，老是占人家便宜，就得付出尊严为代价，就得唯唯诺诺，就得低人一等。你能接受在这种情况下得来的便宜吗？反正我能，土豪请和我做朋友.3.两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，土豪我们做朋友！乱花渐欲迷人眼，土豪才能来搞基！云鬓花颜金步摇，我与土豪度春宵！春花秋月何时了，我是土豪大家好。停车坐爱枫林晚，土豪我们来一发？忽如一夜春风来，土豪为我把门开。日照香炉生紫烟，土豪来我这边先！4.“你人挺好的，但是我们不适合，我们还是做朋友吧” “太棒了，就等你这句话！”，我对土豪说。5.日落西山红霞飞，土豪带刺的玫瑰。衣带渐宽终不悔，想和土豪亲亲嘴！路见不平一声吼，抱住土豪不要走！锦瑟无端五十弦，土豪给我两块钱！红杏枝头春意闹，愿为土豪捡肥皂！桃花潭水深千尺，土豪拉屎我递纸！6.小明不小心把一块儿劳力士金表掉进河里，不一会儿河神拿着小明的那块儿劳力士金表浮上来说：土豪，土豪，我们做朋友好不好嘛。7.现在的社会怎么了？看到土豪就忘了自己的身份，什么节操都不要了，还贱兮兮贴上去的说土豪请和我做朋友？省省吧，土豪怎么可能看上你们这种人？请土豪远离这些败类，和我做朋友。8.一行白鹭上青天，土豪土豪看这边！沧海月明珠有泪，我给土豪锤锤背！二月春风似剪刀，我为土豪来吹箫！待到秋来九月八，我为土豪洗菊花！相看两不厌，土豪送我钱。春花秋月何时了，我是土豪大家好。9.一上高楼万里愁，我给土豪推推油！路见不平一声吼，抱住土豪不松口。天若有情天亦老，土豪请给我舔脚！众里寻他千百度，我给土豪走两步！李白乘舟将欲行，看见土豪忙喊停。10.美女问她的心理医生:“我拥有财富和美貌，却空虚。”医生问道：“何谓财富和美貌？”美女回道：“我奢侈，我的爱马仕香奈儿堆成山，我自恋，天天拿着Meitukiss自拍。”医生淡然一笑，伸出一只手，温柔的眼神让美女有些小鹿乱撞：“医生，你看出我的脆弱了吗？”“不，土豪，我们可以做朋友吗？”11.独在异乡为异客，土豪请我必胜客！但使龙城飞将在，土豪也要谈恋爱！醉卧沙场君莫笑，土豪过来睡个觉。一骑红尘妃子笑，无人知是土豪来！人生得意须尽欢，我给土豪搓汤圆！浮生长恨欢娱少，我给土豪洗洗脚！12.上课时候，老师问小明说：“我有十斤黄金和十斤棉花，你来说一说哪个重。”小明一听，‘扑通’一声跪下了，抱着老师大腿说“土豪！土豪我们当朋友吧！”13.“土豪我们做朋友吧！”“嫌弃。”“土豪我们做朋友吧！”“不要。”“土豪我们做朋友吧！”“醒醒。”“土豪我们做朋友吧！”“我都说不要了你烦不烦啊来来回回都是这一句。”“那……土豪我们结婚吧！”“好。”新手上路成长任务编辑入门编辑规则本人编辑我有疑问内容质疑在线客服官方贴吧意见反馈投诉建议举报不良信息未通过词条申诉投诉侵权信息封禁查询与解封©2024 Baidu 使用百度前必读 | 百科协议 | 隐私政策 | 百度百科合作平台 | 京ICP证030173号京公网安备110000020000

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Chinese Popular Word: 土豪 (Tǔ háo) Rich but Vulgar! 04/12/2013 / #ChineseForBeginnerLearners, #PopularWords, #RichButVulgar

Recently, the word “土豪(tǔháo)” has become wildly popular in China.

Since September this year, there have been more than 100 million references to the word “土豪(tǔháo)” on social media sites.

Literally, “土(tǔ)” means earth and “豪(háo)” means rich. So it seems that “土豪(tǔháo)” means rich earth. But Internet users in China define “土豪(tǔháo)” as “uncivilized splendor.”

The word “土豪(tǔháo)” dates back to ancient Chinese society. It referred to “the rich and powerful local tyrants as they were called or the bully in the countryside.”

Example

Nàgè lǎorén yǐ qián shì yíge tǔháo.

那个老人以前是一个土豪。

That old man was a local tyrant.

However, with the development of society the historical meaning of “土豪(tǔháo)” has disappeared and a new usage has emerged.

The new meaning of “土豪(tǔháo)” first began as a joke that spread on the Internet. The joke goes as follows: a young man asked a

Buddhist monk: “Master, I am very rich now, but I am not happy. Can you give me some advice?”

The Buddhist monk asked: “What is wealth?”

The youth replied, “I have an eight-figure bank account and I own three apartments in Wudaokou (Wudaokou is a commercial center in the Haidian District of Beijing, known for its luxury apartments and famous companies).”

The Buddhist monk said nothing, only held out his hand. The young man expected to receive advice to live a simpler life.

But the monk replied instead with the phrase: “’土豪(tǔháo)’, let’s be friends!” (check what kind of friendship you own.)

Nowadays, the word “土豪(tǔháo)” is a kind of pejorative expression.

To call someone “土豪(tǔháo)” is to imply they come from a poor peasant background and have made themselves rich quickly, but don’t quite have the manners or sophistication to go along with their money.

People also use it to ridicule individuals with less sophisticated thinking and cultural attitudes, but who are very rich and enjoy showing off their wealth.

Examples

Zhè liànɡ chē de zhǔrén shì ge tǔháo ba?

这辆车的主人是个土豪吧？

Is the owner of the car a tuhao?

Tǔháo, wǒmen zuò péngyou ba!

土豪，我们做朋友吧！

Tuhao, let’s be friends!

But in this case, its popularity seems to be down to the fact that it encapsulates China’s changing society.

Many people sneer at the rich, but they are secretly jealous of them. These new rich live a happy life, flooding themselves with luxury and comfort.

And such deeds are easy to arouse a kind of self-deprecating social expression from the common people. The common people feel that, in this cruel social reality, they are helpless and have no choice but to accept the social status they have been given.

In September, Apple released the new gold- colored iPhone, which was very popular and admired by the new rich.

Now the phone is called “土豪金(tǔháo jīn), the tyrants gold,” which demonstrates the big influence of “土豪(tǔháo).”

It is said that if the influence of the word “土豪 (tǔháo)” continues to grow then it is likely to appear in the Oxford English Dictionary.

Exercises

1. What’s the meaning of “土豪(tǔháo)” today?

A. the local tyrant

B. the rich earth

C. the rich man with low cultural sophistication

2. Which of the following words does not represent the emotion of the common people when referring to “土豪(tǔháo)?”

A. secretly jealous

B. respectful

C. sneering

See answer

More Popular Words

大款 (dàkuǎn) Rich Guy

高富帅 (gāo fù shuài) Tall, Rich and Handsome Guy

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0 thoughts on “Chinese Popular Word: 土豪 (Tǔ háo) Rich but Vulgar!”

sam 21/03/2017 at pm1:56

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土豪（网络用语）_百度百科

络用语）_百度百科网页新闻贴吧知道网盘图片视频地图文库资讯采购百科百度首页登录注册进入词条全站搜索帮助首页秒懂百科特色百科知识专题加入百科百科团队权威合作下载百科APP个人中心土豪是一个多义词，请在下列义项上选择浏览（共6个义项）展开添加义项土豪播报讨论上传视频网络用语收藏查看我的收藏0有用+10土豪，网络用语。原指乡下财大气粗、没什么品味的有钱人，现多指有钱、不理性消费、喜欢炫耀的人。出自《宋书·殷琰传》：“叔宝者，杜坦之子，既土豪乡望，内外诸军事并专之。”中文名土豪外文名Tuhao含义形容有很多钱的人，尤其指暴发户别名壕，嚎词性贬义属性网络流行语目录1词语来源2引用示例3社会评价4词语释义5土豪分类▪普通土豪▪文艺土豪▪二逼土豪▪恋稀土豪6相关事件7网络恶搞词语来源播报编辑土豪“土豪”一词最早出自《宋书·殷琰传》记载：“叔宝者，杜坦之子，既土豪乡望，内外诸军事并专之。”在此作为与朝廷政权对抗的地方封建宗族势力，同卷后文“土豪柳伦，台之所遣，顺本卑微，不宜统督”表现出的是不受调遣的山头主义。《宋书》里还有“土人强梁”的说法。“土豪”强调的是在地属性，“豪民”则强调其社会属性，总而言之，都是民间势力的代表。他们既可能通过各种途径获得官僚士大夫的身份，也可能因为天灾人祸而沦落为破落户。后来“土豪”一词逐渐变异，而今天流行的“土豪”一词，已然从政治符号变成时尚符号。 [1]引用示例播报编辑土豪，我们做朋友吧。“土豪”最早是指“一方名人” [1]社会评价播报编辑外媒看中国土豪:钱多人傻品位极差他们在新浪微博上被提及超过5600万次；人人都想和他们成为朋友，却没人真的喜欢他们；他们无处不在，挥霍崭新的人民币、刷爆银联的借记卡；同时他们又行踪诡秘、躲躲闪闪。他们喜欢亮闪闪华丽丽的东西，这种嗜好已经成为全球奢侈品行业的支柱；同时他们又品味极差，并且因此遭到鄙视、嘲笑和抨击。他们是“土豪”——“土”意味着土气和粗野，豪意味着奢华、霸气——他们是中国的“贝弗利山人”。注：Beverly Hillbillies《贝弗利山人》是美国的一部著名情景喜剧，讲述一家暴发户迁到富豪名人聚居的贝弗利山庄居住的故事。土豪旧指富有的地主——恶毒的有产乡绅，中国无产阶级同志的阶级敌人——这个概念重新走红，是由于中国社交媒体上一个广为流传的笑话。一个青年人问禅师，“我很富有，却不开心。我该怎么办呢？”禅师答曰：“何谓‘富有’？”年轻人回答说，“我有千百万的银行存款，在北京中心城区有三套房子。这可以称为富有了吧？”禅师默然、握住青年人的手。青年醍醐灌顶似的顿悟道：“大师，您是想告诉我，我应该心存感恩，回报他人吗？” 禅师说，“不是……我是想说，土豪，我们可以做朋友吗？”这个并不那么好笑的笑话，却触动了中国中产阶级的心弦。这是一个在中国迅速壮大的群体，人数已经超过了3亿以上。随着中产阶级式的生活方式越来越普遍，对炫富习气的鄙夷也越来越普遍。许多中国人会说自己是土豪的反面：有文化、很时尚，鄙视挥霍消费。但与此同时，在当下的中国社会中，理解土豪是很有必要的，迎合土豪趣味是有利可图的，和土豪交往是很有道理的。跨国公司懂得这一点。2013年9月20日，土豪们终于扬眉吐气了。这一天苹果公司推出了金色的新型号苹果5s智能手机。人们起初不敢相信苹果会如此张扬俗气，然而这款镀金手机很快在中国受到疯抢。在中国媒体的头版头条新闻上，这款手机被称为“土豪金”。土豪的概念不只体现在手机等小玩意的品味上。2013年9月22日，好莱坞御用班底齐聚青岛，参加彭博社所称的中国首富王健林旗下一个电影城的揭幕式。中国网民们将这个揭幕式成为“土豪的盛宴”，“豪莱坞”。上层名流和穿着制服的安保摩肩接踵；老一辈们表演着山东戏曲。这个国家的中产阶级似乎有些矛盾：新生的暴发户们显然十分粗野，老一辈的中产阶级还固守土气。 [2]土豪之间也有名气的激烈角逐。2013年10月初以来网上最有名气的中国土豪是一位匿名的中国女士思思。根据媒体报道，这位家住北京市的女士给网友的新婚礼物是一部价值400万人民币的宾利轿车。有些人指出这则消息是媒体造假，但无论如何这则消息已经在网上造成一片哗然，有人嘲笑，有人假装嫉妒，也有人真的嫉妒。 [2]词语释义播报编辑土豪"土豪"中的土是指土地的意思，“土豪”中的豪是指富有的意思，即富有的地主，原指封建社会中以土地拥有量为财富来源的大地主阶级。土豪被中国人所熟知，与土地改革和革命时期的“打土豪，分田地”有关。那时的土豪，是被专政与被打击的对象，因为为富不仁、盘剥贫苦农民、破坏革命等是他们的标签。后在网络游戏中引申为无脑消费的人民币玩家，现在用于调侃那些有钱又很喜欢炫耀的人，尤其是通过装穷来炫耀自己有钱的人。该意义衍生出“土豪，我们做朋友吧”、“土豪，求抱大腿”等句子。有些人把比自己肯花钱的人都称之为“土豪”。土豪分类播报编辑普通土豪戴大粗金链。浑身散发着暴发户的气息。文艺土豪开碰碰车上下班。（跑跑卡丁车现实版？丢香蕉会不会滑走啊喂？）在咖啡小店，手捧咖啡大谈生活的不易。二逼土豪炫个富，这可是两万欧元的戒指啊！恋稀土豪不在乎别人看法，但对于稀有的东西，有一种强烈的购买欲，比如珍藏版手表，珍藏版电子产品。相关事件播报编辑2013年9月9日，微博上发起“与土豪做朋友”以及“为土豪写诗”活动，其社会意义与之前人人争当“屌丝”是相同的，意味着公众对自嘲和自我生活诠释的角度，把自己在心理上与那些土豪分开，回归到普通大众。2013年11月，土豪大妈背旅行袋装金条买宾利豪车；就在南昌国际汽车展览会开幕的第一天，一条微博迅速引发网友热议，该微博称“见过用黄金买房的，没见过驮一包黄金来买车的。这难道就是传说中的黄金大妈吗？”对于这条突然“备受关注”的消息，有人认为是主办方刻意炒作。该网友否认了该行为是炒作，称自己并不是该车展的工作人员。 [2]投资300亿的某影视产业园日前在青岛举行了一场超豪华的启动仪式，虽然活动早已结束，嘉宾都已散去，但这场被网友戏称为“土豪会”的盛会，后续话题依然不断。凤凰娱乐在微博转发了该活动的现场图片，并附诗“赤日炎炎似火烧，我为土豪把扇摇”，随后被网友们疯狂转帖，屡见佳作。有网友叹道：“路见不平一声吼，抱住土豪不放手。”还有些古诗词也被进行了改编“日照香炉生紫烟，土豪能顶半边天”。网友们才思泉涌，有人感慨，如今不会作诗已经不能在微博圈混下去了。 [3]2013年11月14日牛津大学出版社双语词典项目经理朱莉·克里曼在接受媒体采访时表示，“tuhao”暂时还没有被正式收录进《牛津英语词典》，但是例如“dama”“yuqi”和“hukou”等词语已经在牛津英语词典编著者的关注范围内。 [4]网络恶搞播报编辑2014土豪装B指南：1、从戴名牌手表改戴佛珠木串；2、从喝茅台改喝名茶和花草茶；3、从买房投资变为买名画投资；4、从写微博评时事变为发微信聊心情聊人生；5、从吃虫草养生变为喝礼麦藜麦粥养生；6、从西装领带变为麻衣布鞋；7、从搓麻将改为茶会、香会雅集；8、从坐奔驰开宝马变为骑自行车(知道运动养生的重要性)；9、从环球旅行变成结伙辟谷(养生)；10、从投资夜总会变为投资开国艺馆；11、从狐朋狗友变为活佛同门师兄妹或EMBA同学会；12、从点藏香到点沉香；13、不再聊多少项目，而是几个上市公司；14、不再问多少车，而是有多少司机；15、买房不问建筑面积，而是庭院的面积；16、吃饭不点菜，而是点厨子；17、穿衣服不问牌子，而是问哪国的裁缝；18、买家具不问哪国的，而是什么红木做的；19、娶老婆不找眼前的，而是直接拿遥控板点电视里的；20、公司和别墅大堂不再挂和领导人、名星合影，而是挂自己和心上人油画；21、不再跟风买名牌，而是只买定制的、独一无二的，自己设计的。以上21条为2014土豪装逼必修课，如果你做到了其中10条那么恭喜你已进入极品土豪行列！1.两个黄鹂鸣翠柳土豪我们做朋友，青山不改绿水长流，土豪我对你的情谊永不变，两岸猿声啼不住，我为土豪穿皮裤，上穷碧落下黄泉。土豪求求你别走，桃花潭水深千尺,不及土豪送我情，床前明月光，土豪我暖床。土豪，深情地问一句“做个朋友好不好！！！！！”2.很多人说要和土豪做朋友。平心而论，就算和土豪成了朋友又怎么样呢？吃人嘴软拿人手短，老是占人家便宜，就得付出尊严为代价，就得唯唯诺诺，就得低人一等。你能接受在这种情况下得来的便宜吗？反正我能，土豪请和我做朋友.3.两个黄鹂鸣翠柳，土豪我们做朋友！乱花渐欲迷人眼，土豪才能来搞基！云鬓花颜金步摇，我与土豪度春宵！春花秋月何时了，我是土豪大家好。停车坐爱枫林晚，土豪我们来一发？忽如一夜春风来，土豪为我把门开。日照香炉生紫烟，土豪来我这边先！4.“你人挺好的，但是我们不适合，我们还是做朋友吧” “太棒了，就等你这句话！”，我对土豪说。5.日落西山红霞飞，土豪带刺的玫瑰。衣带渐宽终不悔，想和土豪亲亲嘴！路见不平一声吼，抱住土豪不要走！锦瑟无端五十弦，土豪给我两块钱！红杏枝头春意闹，愿为土豪捡肥皂！桃花潭水深千尺，土豪拉屎我递纸！6.小明不小心把一块儿劳力士金表掉进河里，不一会儿河神拿着小明的那块儿劳力士金表浮上来说：土豪，土豪，我们做朋友好不好嘛。7.社会怎么了？看到土豪就忘了自己的身份，什么节操都不要了，还贱兮兮贴上去的说土豪请和我做朋友？省省吧，土豪怎么可能看上你们这种人？请土豪远离这些败类，和我做朋友。8.一行白鹭上青天，土豪土豪看这边！沧海月明珠有泪，我给土豪锤锤背！二月春风似剪刀，我为土豪来吹箫！待到秋来九月八，我为土豪洗菊花！相看两不厌，土豪送我钱。春花秋月何时了，我是土豪大家好。9.一上高楼万里愁，我给土豪推推油！路见不平一声吼，抱住土豪不松口。天若有情天亦老，土豪请给我舔脚！众里寻他千百度，我给土豪走两步！李白乘舟将欲行，看见土豪忙喊停。10.美女问她的心理医生:“我拥有财富和美貌，却空虚。”医生问道：“何谓财富和美貌？”美女回道：“我奢侈，我的爱马仕香奈儿堆成山，我自恋，天天拿着Meitukiss自拍。”医生淡然一笑，伸出一只手，温柔的眼神让美女有些小鹿乱撞：“医生，你看出我的脆弱了吗？”“不，土豪，我们可以做朋友吗？”11.独在异乡为异客，土豪请我必胜客！但使龙城飞将在，土豪也要谈恋爱！醉卧沙场君莫笑，土豪过来睡个觉。一骑红尘妃子笑，无人知是土豪来！人生得意须尽欢，我给土豪搓汤圆！浮生长恨欢娱少，我给土豪洗洗脚！12.上课时候，老师问小明说：“我有十斤黄金和十斤棉花，你来说一说哪个重。”小明一听，‘扑通’一声跪下了，抱着老师大腿说“土豪！土豪我们当朋友吧！”13.“土豪我们做朋友吧！”“嫌弃。”“土豪我们做朋友吧！”“不要。”“土豪我们做朋友吧！”“醒醒。”“土豪我们做朋友吧！”“我都说不要了你烦不烦啊来来回回都是这一句。”“那……土豪我们结婚吧！”“好。”　流行语-▪屌丝▪矮矬穷▪高富帅▪白富美▪逆袭▪基友▪表叔▪跪了▪毁三观▪躺枪▪坑爹▪肿么了▪围观▪尼玛▪次奥▪挽尊▪你妹▪有木有▪神马都是浮云▪绿茶婊▪1314▪吐槽▪太监▪查水表▪去年买了个表▪卖萌▪囧▪碉堡了▪打酱油▪躺着也中枪▪怪蜀黍▪意淫▪银▪虽不明，但觉厉▪虾米▪亲▪重口味▪我擦▪厨房▪你懂的▪槑▪宅男▪腐女▪接盘侠▪喜当爹▪FB▪走你▪蛋疼▪火钳刘明▪男默女泪▪啊痛悟蜡▪经拿滚▪来信砍▪冷无缺▪请允悲▪人艰不拆▪喜大普奔▪细软跑▪醒工砖▪秀下限▪战五渣▪注定孤独一生▪碎一地▪4B青年▪土豪▪我和小伙伴们都惊呆了模仿事件模仿文体模仿文体▪待我长发及腰　 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“土豪”有望被收入牛津词典

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“土豪”有望被收入牛津词典

‘Tuhao’ may become part of English glossary

中国日报网

2013-11-21 09:55

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China’s new buzzword, tuhao, may be in next year’s Oxford English Dictionary.

The word caught the attention of the dictionary’s editing team after BBC’s recent program on influential Chinese words.

“If its influence continues, it is very likely to appear on our updated list of words,” said Julie Kleeman, project manager with the editing team.

Kleeman told the Beijing Youth Daily that tuhao has some similarities with the English word bling, which refers to expensive, ostentatious clothing or jewelry. Both the words have existed for long but later on took a new meaning.

In Chinese, tu means uncouth and hao means rich. It has traditionally been referred to rich people who throw their weight around in China’s rural areas. In recent years, people in the ACG (anime, comic and game) circle borrowed the term to describe those who spend money in an irrational manner.

The word gained credence in September with the launch of Apple’s new gold-colored iPhone, an item loved by China’s nouveau riche. The color became known as “tuhao gold.”

The word is now often used by the online community to refer to people who have the cash but lack the class to go with it.

Kleeman also mentioned two other Chinese words — dama and hukou — which may also make it into the dictionary.

Hukou means household registration in Chinese and has been widely used by Xinhua news agency and China Central Television. It has become a hot word in recent years because of its links with corruption cases.

Dama, meaning middle-aged women, was first used in the Western media by the Wall Street Journal in May when thousands of Chinese women were buying up record number of gold. They were the driving force in the global gold market between April and June when the gold prices had slumped.

Lianghui is another Chinese word that may be included in the dictionary. It is actually a Chinese abbreviation for the National People’s Congress and the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. The domestic media have been using lianghui regularly and overseas media have followed suit.

People can have an “intuitive” grasp of the meanings if they see pinyin, Kleeman said, adding that people avoided using an English word to retain the original meaning.

“We have nearly 120 Chinese-linked words now in Oxford English Dictionary,” she said.

Some of them are: Guanxi, literally meaning “connection,” is the system of social networks and influential relationships which facilitate business and other dealings.

Dim Sum originates from Cantonese dialect and refers to a Chinese dish of small steamed or fried savory dumplings containing various fillings.

Taikonaut is a mix of taikong, meaning outer space, and astronaut.

The new words will be first uploaded on the official website before the dictionaries arrive. The online version is also renewed every three months.

“It at least broke our old rules. It used to take 10 years to include a new word but now we keep the pace with the era,” according to a statement issued by ex-chief-editor John Simpson.

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中国时髦热词“tuhao”（土豪）明年有望被收入《牛津英语词典》。

在BBC近期一档关于中国热词的栏目播出后，“tuhao”一词引起了《牛津英语词典》编著者的关注。

编辑级项目经理朱莉•克里曼在接受记者采访时说：“如果‘tuhao’的影响力持续，很有可能出现在我们的最新词汇列表中。”

克里曼告诉《北京青年报》记者，“tuhao”与英语中“bling”（意指穿名牌衣服戴璀璨珠宝）一词有着相似之处。这两个词语虽然由来已久，但近来都延伸出了新的含义。

在中文中，“土”意为粗野，“豪”意为富有，习惯上常用来指那些在中国农村权势欺人的人。近年来，动漫作品和游戏玩家借用该词来形容那些大手大脚、挥霍钱财的人。

继九月份苹果公司的金色iPhone新品发布后，这款受到中国新贵热捧的手机使得“土豪”一词更为风靡，该款手机的颜色也被人们称之为“土豪金”。

现在网络社区也常用该词来指那些财大气粗却缺乏相应品味的人。

克里曼还提到了另外两个有望收入词典的词语－－“Dama（大妈）”和“Hukou（户口）”。

“Hukou（户口）”的中文意思是户籍登记，该词已被新华社和中国中央电视台所广泛采用。近年来，这个词语因为牵扯腐败案件而成为热词。

“Dama（大妈）”，通常用指中年妇女，最早因为五月份《华尔街日报》刊出数以千计的中国中年妇女买入创纪录数量黄金的消息而现身西方媒体。今年4-5月全球黄金市场金价大跌，而中国大妈则是黄金抢购风潮中的主力军。

“Lianghui（两会）”是另一个可能被收入的词语，其全称为“全国人民代表大会”和“中国人民政治协商会议”。国内媒体报告时一贯采用“两会”一词，这一词也逐渐为国外媒体所沿用。

“人们能够通过拼音‘直观地’抓住词语的意思”，克里曼还说道。“为了保持原有的含义他们不会使用英语”。

“《牛津英语词典》之中大约收录了120个含有中文渊源的词，”她说。

其中包括：

“Guanxi（关系）”，字面上理解和“connection（联系）”是一个意思，是中国社交系统中有助于商业交流和其他交易的名词。

“Dim Sum（点心）”源于“点心”的粤语发音，意为蒸炸皆可、馅料丰富的中式餐点。

“Taikonaut（中国宇航员）”则是由taikong（太空，即外层空间）和astronaut（宇航员）这两个词语组合而成。

在收入词典前，新词会先在官方网站上公布。《牛津英语词典》网络版每季度更新一次。

前主编约翰•辛普森曾在声明中表示：“这至少打破了陈规，以前我们需要花上10年的时间来收入一个新词，而现在，我们跟上了这个时代的步伐”。

（译者廖宸一编辑丹妮）

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Definition of tuhao heats up Internet[1]- Chinadaily.com.cn

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Definition of tuhao heats up Internet

( chinadaily.com.cn )

Updated: 2014-08-28 13:03:43

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The Chinese characters of tuhao.

'Hot' web words added to Chinese dictionary

Easy Talk: Chinglish buzzwords make way to Western lexicon

The Chinese term "tuhao" has been included in the latest version of the standard Chinese dictionary, which explains it as "people who are rich but lack in education or taste" - stirring hot discussion online.

Internet users use tuhao to refer to people with great wealth who spend money freely, in a way that does not go along with the wealth.

The third edition of the Dictionary of Contemporary Standard Chinese has added more than 100 new "hot" words, among which are tuhao and explains it as "people who are rich but short of education and correct values".

The explanation spread widely on Internet, and soon the hashtag translated as #Tuhao lack in education# began trending on Sina Weibo, China's Twitter-like social media platform.

As of 1:00 pm today, it has been read 7.45 million times and generated more than 21,000 comments.

"I would like to exchange my whole talent for tuhao a whole life," one Sina Weibo user said . "I'm just wondering how the dictionary defines education and value,"said another.

A post by user "Jingmeiyouwu" defends the group the expression reflects, "It doesn't matter if a tuhao is educated or not, as they don't make a living out of it. Tuhao have wisdom and living skills. It's enough."

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"tuhao"(nouveau riche) become wildly popular in China

作者：

来源：Hujiang English

2013-11-26 14:00:00.000

A new word has suddenly become wildly popular in China - "tuhao" - which loosely translated means "nouveau riche". There have been more than 100 million references to the word "tuhao" on social media since early September.

一个新词最近突然在中国爆红——“土豪”，勉强可以翻译为“nouveau riche”（法语：暴发户）。九月份上旬以来，“土豪”一词在中国社交网络上出现了1亿多次。

It's being used to describe everything from the new People's Daily building, to expensive celebrity weddings full of bling, and the new gold-coloured iPhone.

从人民日报社的新大楼到明星大腕纸醉金迷的婚礼，到新款的金色iPhone，一切都可以被形容为“土豪”。

In Chinese "tu" means earth, and "hao" means rich. To say someone is tuhao is to imply they come from a poor peasant background, and have made it rich quick - but don't quite have the manners, or sophistication to go along with it. It's like the term "nouveau riche", says Professor Steve Tsang at the School of Contemporary Chinese Studies in Nottingham - but has even more negative connotations, suggesting a certain vulgarity.

在汉语中，“土” 即庸俗、土气，“豪” 即富贵。说某人是土豪即意味着此人出身卑微，后来突然暴富——却没有培养出和物质财富相应的礼貌风范和城府。来自诺丁汉大学的当代中国研究学院教授曾锐生表示，土豪有点像是法语中nouveau riche 暴发户，但指代更消极，还稍嫌粗俗。

"Tuhao" is actually an old word - dating back perhaps as far as the Southern Dynasty 1,500 years ago - but it has always meant something rather different. During the communist revolution, from the 1920s to early 1950s, it was widely used to refer to landholders and gentry who would bully those beneath them.

“土豪”实际上是一个旧词——最早可以追溯到1500年前的南朝时期——但它的意义在历朝历代一直都在变化。在20世纪20年代至50年代的社会主义革命期间，它被广泛用于形容那些压迫农民阶级的地主乡绅。

This new usage of the term took off in September after a widely-shared joke about a rich, but unhappy man, who goes to a Buddhist monk for advice, expecting to be told to live a more simple life. The monk replies instead with the phrase: "Tuhao, let's be friends!"

今年9月份以来，这个词被赋予新的含义并重新启用，这是由一个广为流传的笑话所引发的。一个富裕却情绪消沉的人到庙里拜见高僧寻求指点。此人满以为高僧会指点他过更简朴的生活，没想到僧人却说：“土豪，我们交个朋友吧！”

Chinese internet users are highly creative in their use of language, and are constantly inventing, and re-inventing words as a way of getting past censorship rules. But in this case, its popularity seems to be down to the fact that it encapsulates China's changing society so well - many people sneer at those with wealth, but are secretly jealous.

中国网民在使用语言方法是极富创造性的，他们常常创造或改造词汇，以此来规避审查。但是对于“土豪”这个词，它之所以如此流行似乎是因为，归根结底，它正是中国社会转型的一个缩影——许多人对这些拥有财富的人表面鄙夷，暗中却非常妒忌。

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“土豪”有望被收入牛津词典

Definition of tuhao heats up Internet[1]- Chinadaily.com.cn

"tuhao"(nouveau riche) become wildly popular in China_Learn Chinese Hujiang

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