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Vocabulary Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

Vocabulary Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster

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vocabulary

noun

vo·​cab·​u·​lary

vō-ˈka-byə-ˌler-ē 

və-

plural vocabularies

Synonyms of vocabulary

1

: a list or collection of words or of words and phrases usually alphabetically arranged and explained or defined : lexicon

The vocabulary for the week is posted online every Monday.

2

a

: a sum or stock of words employed by a language, group, individual, or work or in a field of knowledge

a child with a large vocabulary the vocabulary of physicians a writer known for employing a rich vocabulary

b

: a list or collection of terms or codes available for use (as in an indexing system)

… the oldest Sumerian cuneiform writing could not render normal prose but was a mere telegraphic shorthand, whose vocabulary was restricted to names, numerals, units of measure, words for objects counted, and a few adjectives.—Jared Diamon

3

: a supply of expressive techniques or devices (as of an art form)

an impressive musical vocabulary

Did you know?

The Vocabulary of Vocabulary For many people, the word vocabulary is primarily associated with the number of words that a person knows; one either has a large or a small vocabulary. But the word has many shades of meaning and is nicely representative of the nuanced and multi-hued nature of so much of the English lexicon.

Vocabulary may indeed refer to the collection of words known by an individual or by a large group of people. It may also signify the body of specialized terms in a field of study or activity (“the vocabulary of science”). It may designate a physical object, such as a book, in which a collection of (usually alphabetized) words is defined or explained. And it may name things other than words, such as “a list or collection of terms or codes available for use,” “a set or list of nonverbal symbols” (such as marine alphabet flag signals), and “a set of expressive forms used in an art” (as in “the vocabulary of dance”).

Synonyms

argot

cant

dialect

jargon

jive

language

lingo

patois

patter

shop

shoptalk

slang

terminology

See all Synonyms & Antonyms in Thesaurus 

Examples of vocabulary in a Sentence

the basic vocabulary of English

She has learned a lot of new vocabulary.

He has a somewhat limited vocabulary.

Reading helped to expand her vocabulary.

the vocabulary of the art world

The Internet has given us a whole new vocabulary.

See More

Recent Examples on the Web

In Bea’s house, for example, the bilingual family members infuse their vocabulary with Spanish words.

—Common Sense Media, Washington Post, 1 Mar. 2024

Like English, American Sign Language changes over time and generations develop their own vocabulary.

—Jim Higgins, Journal Sentinel, 27 Feb. 2024

Eighteen-month-olds might have anywhere from five to 40 words in their vocabulary.

—Christine Luff, Parents, 27 Feb. 2024

Getting the Accent Right In his research, Ben-Adir observed that Marley was adept at code-switching, varying his tone and vocabulary depending on the situation.

—Rob Tannenbaum, New York Times, 16 Feb. 2024

These words were not in my dreamer’s vocabulary at 22.

—Kristina Kasparian, Longreads, 6 Feb. 2024

The main criticism is that the approach relies mostly on vocabulary and ignores word sounds and structures, such as the stems, prefixes and suffixes that make up a word.

—Kurt Kleiner, Discover Magazine, 16 Feb. 2024

Ratmansky began playing with the nuances of the music even as a student and has a great love for the classical vocabulary.

—Marina Harss, New York Times, 10 Feb. 2024

This comprises knowledge that comes from learning and experiences, such as vocabulary and knowledge of how to do things, Roberts said.

—Mira Cheng, CNN, 9 Feb. 2024

See More

These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'vocabulary.' Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback about these examples.

Word History

Etymology

Middle French vocabulaire, probably from Medieval Latin vocabularium, from neuter of vocabularius verbal, from Latin vocabulum

First Known Use

1532, in the meaning defined at sense 1

Time Traveler

The first known use of vocabulary was

in 1532

See more words from the same year

Phrases Containing vocabulary

active vocabulary

vocabulary entry

passive vocabulary

not in someone's vocabulary

Articles Related to vocabulary

Advanced Vocabulary Quiz

Tough words and tougher competition.

Tools for Building Vocabulary

Simple tips to boost your word power from home

The Vocabulary Test From Hell

Students in 1915 knew these words. Do you?

Dictionary Entries Near vocabulary

vocabular

vocabulary

vocabulary entry

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Merriam-Webster

“Vocabulary.” Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vocabulary. Accessed 12 Mar. 2024.

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Kids Definition

vocabulary

noun

vo·​cab·​u·​lary

vō-ˈkab-yə-ˌler-ē 

plural vocabularies

1

: a list or collection of words defined or explained

2

: a stock of words used in a language, by a group or individual, or in relation to a subject

More from Merriam-Webster on vocabulary

Nglish: Translation of vocabulary for Spanish Speakers

Britannica English: Translation of vocabulary for Arabic Speakers

Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about vocabulary

Last Updated:

5 Mar 2024

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VOCABULARY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary

VOCABULARY | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary

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Meaning of vocabulary in English

vocabularynoun uk

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/vəˈkæb.jə.lər.i/ us

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/voʊˈkæb.jə.ler.i/

Add to word list

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A2 [ C ] all the words known and used by a particular person: a wide/limited vocabulary By the age of two a child will have a vocabulary of about two hundred words.

C1 [ C or U ] all the words that exist in a particular language or subject: Every week our Spanish teacher gives us a list of vocabulary (= words) to learn. Computing, like any subject, has its own vocabulary.

More examplesFewer examplesI have to say, I don't have much time for the pseudy vocabulary of wine snobs.The English language is rich in vocabulary.Use spidergrams to organize your English vocabulary into different subjects.The course covers a wide range of vocabulary.I try to learn ten new items of vocabulary a day.

SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases

Linguistics: terminology & vocabulary

abbreviated form

accommodation

alphabetic

Americanism

Anglicism

antonym

antonymous

buzzword

cognate

coinage

homography

homonymic

homonymy

homophonic

homophony

productive

productively

receptive

receptively

referent

See more results »

Idiom

not be in someone's vocabulary

(Definition of vocabulary from the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus © Cambridge University Press)

vocabulary | American Dictionary

vocabularynoun [ C/U ] us

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/voʊˈkæb·jəˌler·i/

Add to word list

Add to word list

English all the words used by a particular person, or all the words that exist in a particular language or subject: [ C ] Reading helps to improve your vocabulary.

(Definition of vocabulary from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)

Examples of vocabulary

vocabulary

Focusing on some two thousand dialect expressions, it traces cultural and historical forces that have shaped speech regions and given them their characteristic vocabularies.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

The character of children's vocabularies cannot be predicted solely on the basis of the words they hear and the concepts they possess.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

The relative weakness of children's vocabularies may prevent them from using their lexical knowledge to help them interpret partially masked speech.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

Each draws on overlapping vocabularies of contract, invested with distinct sets of meanings, as the analysis of the flexibility discourses was designed to explore.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

The two contexts may use different vocabularies, and the treatment of the object may be easier in one context than in another.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

The basic idea behind these approaches is to represent a case at multiple levels of detail, possibly using multiple vocabularies.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

There was also variation in the closed-class scores for children with vocabularies under 400 words.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

Given that one-year-olds have vowel-initial words in their vocabularies, it seems likely that such words, though difficult to segment, can in fact be segmented.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

Finally, it examines the role of frequency in the development of comprehension vocabularies as well as production vocabularies.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

If underestimation is specific to object names, the extent to which nouns predominate in infants' early vocabularies might be understated.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

The words children learn: evidence against a noun bias in early vocabularies.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

There is a noticeable difference between simply reconstructing vocabularies and teasing history out of them, however.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

Different societies have different color vocabularies, but that does not make the fact that the cloth in front me is magenta into an institutional fact.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

A concerted attempt to reconstruct the vocabularies of languages in prehistory has been underway for decades.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

Such strategies should also enable students to enrich their vocabularies over time, especially in the case of synonymy and paraphrase anaphors.

From the Cambridge English Corpus

See all examples of vocabulary

These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.

Collocations with vocabulary

vocabulary

These are words often used in combination with vocabulary.Click on a collocation to see more examples of it.

basic vocabularyFor all eight bilingual subgroups, the basic reading score greatly exceeded the basic vocabulary score.

From the Cambridge English Corpus  

common vocabularyThey had not even tried to agree a common vocabulary in which to talk about language.

From the Cambridge English Corpus  

controlled vocabularyTerms constitute a controlled vocabulary with explicit definitions.

From the Cambridge English Corpus  

These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.

See all collocations with vocabulary

What is the pronunciation of vocabulary?

 

A2,C1

Translations of vocabulary

in Chinese (Traditional)

詞彙量, (某人掌握的)全部詞彙, (某一語言或學科的)詞彙,術語…

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in Chinese (Simplified)

词汇量, (某人掌握的)全部词汇, (某一语言或学科的)词汇,术语…

See more

in Spanish

vocabulario, vocabulario [masculine, singular]…

See more

in Portuguese

vocabulário, vocabulário [masculine]…

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in more languages

in Marathi

in Japanese

in Turkish

in French

in Catalan

in Dutch

in Tamil

in Hindi

in Gujarati

in Danish

in Swedish

in Malay

in German

in Norwegian

in Urdu

in Ukrainian

in Russian

in Telugu

in Arabic

in Bengali

in Czech

in Indonesian

in Thai

in Vietnamese

in Polish

in Korean

in Italian

शब्दसंग्रह…

See more

語い, 語彙(ごい)…

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kelime hazinesi, sözcük dağarcığı, bir dildeki sözcüklerin tümü…

See more

vocabulaire, lexique…

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vocabulari…

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vocabulaire, woordenschat, woordenlijst…

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ஒரு குறிப்பிட்ட நபரால் அறியப்பட்ட மற்றும் பயன்படுத்தப்படும் அனைத்து சொற்களும்…

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शब्दावली, शब्द भंडार…

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કોઈ એક ચોક્કસ, ખાસ, નિશ્ચિત વ્યક્તિ જાણતી હોય અને ઉપયોગમાં લેતી હોય તે બધાં શબ્દો.શબ્દભંડોળ…

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ord, ordforråd, terminologi…

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ord, glosor, ordförråd…

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perkataan, perbendaharaan kata…

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das Vokabular, der Wortschatz, das Wörterverzeichnis…

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vokabular [neuter], ordforråd [neuter], ord…

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فرہنگ, لغت, الفاظ کا ذخیرہ…

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словник, словниковий склад, термінологія…

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словарный запас, лексика, словарь…

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పదజాలం…

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مُفْرَدات…

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শব্দভান্ডার / শব্দাবলী…

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slova, slovní zásoba, slovníček…

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kata-kata, kosa kata…

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คำศัพท์, กลุ่มคำศัพท์, รายการคำศัพท์ที่มีคำแปล…

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từ vựng, vốn từ, bảng từ vựng…

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słownictwo, zasób słów, słowniczek…

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단어…

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vocabolario, lessico, glossario…

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VO2max

VOC

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vocabulary

vocal

vocal cord paralysis

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vocal cords

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English vocabulary

What is vocabulary?

Ask questions about vocabulary

Vocabulary quizzes

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Topic vocabulary

See words used when talking about a variety of subjects or topics, with definitions and example sentences in context

Vocabulary reference

Useful English words and phrases conveniently arranged by type, with many example sentences and quizzes

Vocabulary by class and form

Wordlists based on word classes (parts of speech) and other word forms, with fun quizzes and audio.

People often ask

FAQ: frequently asked vocabulary questions

Who invented vocabulary?

How can I improve my vocabulary?

How can I improve my vocabulary in 30 days?

How can I find vocabulary?

When I use a word, it means just what I choose it to mean - neither more nor less.' Humpty-Dumpty (Lewis Carroll)

More vocabulary resources

Vocabulary @ Joe's CafePretty much anything is on the menu

Brexit vocabThe term Brexit entered the English language in the year 2012 and has since spawned many variants and alternative terms, most of them humorous.

Fun chat stickersDownload these cute Mr EnglishClub and Ms EnglishClub stickers FREE and learn English with your friends

7 tips for learning English vocabularyFollow these ideas and learn new English words more easily.

Informal contractionsWhat do words like "gonna" and "wanna" mean?

Millennium - 2000 or 2001?When does a century change?

e-ENGLISH IYKWIM ;-)Internet abbreviations, codes and lingo

Vocabulary Games Online

Online matching games, jumbled games, hangman games to test your knowledge of words:

Crossword games

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Matching games

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Recommended Vocabulary Links

Essential British English (Cambridge Dictionary)

Essential American English (Cambridge Dictionary)

English vocabulary at Wikipedia

It is more fun to talk with someone who doesn't use long, difficult words but rather short, easy words like 'What about lunch?' Winnie-the-Pooh

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